A typical animal cell (eukaryote):



The above diagram shows a typical animal cell which is eukaryotic, and the subcellular structures are described thus:


Nucleus

The nucleus contains all of the genetic material which controls the activities of the cell.

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is a gel -like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place, and contains enzymes which control these reactions.

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane holds the cell together, and controls what enters and what leaves the cell.

Mitochondria

These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place, respiration transfers energy which the cells need to work.

Ribosomes

These are where proteins are made in the cell.


A plant cell, also eukaryotic, has all of the structures of the animal cell, PLUS a few more:




Cell Wall

A rigid structure made of cellulose, this gives the cell physical strength / rigidity.

Permanent Vacuole

Contains a weak solution of sugar and salts, known as Cell Sap

Chloroplasts

These are where photosynthesis occurs, holding a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight.